Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that was widely used in construction materials such as insulation, flooring, roofing, and pipes until the 1980s, when its health hazards were discovered. Asbestos fibers are microscopic and can be inhaled, causing serious health problems such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. These diseases can take years or even decades to develop, and there is no known cure.

Despite its ban, asbestos is still present in many older buildings, particularly in Herstmonceux, which is home to numerous historic structures. If left undisturbed, asbestos may not pose a significant threat to human health. However, when materials containing asbestos are damaged, broken, or disturbed during renovation or demolition, they can release dangerous fibers into the air, which can be inhaled and lead to serious health problems.