Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that was widely used in construction, insulation, and other industries from the 1950s to the 1980s due to its excellent heat resistance, durability, and affordability. However, it wasn't until the late 20th century that the health risks of asbestos exposure became clear. Asbestos fibers are extremely small and can be easily inhaled or ingested, leading to serious health problems, including:

• Mesothelioma: a rare and aggressive cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart. The primary cause of mesothelioma is asbestos exposure, and the disease can take 20 to 50 years to develop after exposure. There is no cure for mesothelioma, and treatment options are limited.
• Asbestosis: a chronic lung disease caused by the scarring of lung tissue from asbestos fibers. Asbestosis is characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and other respiratory symptoms. There is no cure for asbestosis, and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and slowing the disease's progression.
• Lung cancer: asbestos exposure can increase the risk of lung cancer, especially in smokers or people with a history of lung disease.

The dangers of asbestos exposure are so significant that many countries, including the UK, have banned the use of asbestos in new construction or products. However, many older buildings and materials still contain asbestos, and improper handling or removal of ACMs can release the fibers into the air, putting workers and occupants at risk.